Ekeng, 26, fell to the ground shortly after coming on as a 62nd-minute substitute during a league match against Viitorul Constanta, his club said in a statement on their website.
Media reports said he suffered a suspected heart attack and was pronounced dead in hospital two hours later.
“Dinamo lost tonight, forever, footballer Patrick Claude Ekeng Ekeng,” Dinamo said.
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“On behalf of everyone at Dinamo, sincere condolences to the bereaved family. God rest his soul.”
The Cameroon FA also confirmed the news on Twitter, while Ekeng’s former club Cordoba tweeted: “There are no words to express our sorrow for the death of Patrick Ekeng.”
Cameroon midfielder Marc-Vivien Foe also died after collapsing on the pitch, during a Confederations Cup match in 2003 against Colombia in France.
Ekeng had also played for Le Mans in France, as well as Swiss club Lausanne.
