Hundreds of thousands of Lebanese took to the streets to condemn political stasis and corruption Sunday, the largest in four days of demonstrations that have crippled the country and threatened the coalition government.
The protests showed no sign of letting up, a day before a deadline set by Prime Minister Saad Hariri for government members to rally around key reforms.
The capital Beirut, second city Tripoli in the north and the southern port of Tyre came to a standstill, with streets filled with protesters waving the national flag, chanting “revolution” or “the people demand the fall of the regime” — a common refrain of demonstrations in other parts of the Arab world.
Protests have grown steadily across the Mediterranean country since public anger first spilled onto the streets Thursday evening in response to a proposed tax on calls via WhatsApp and other messaging services.
While the government quickly dropped the plan, the leaderless protests morphed into demands for a sweeping overhaul of the political system, with grievances ranging from austerity measures to poor infrastructure.
More than a quarter of Lebanon’s population lives below the poverty line, the World Bank says, while the political class has remained relatively unchanged since the end of a devastating 15-year civil war in 1990.
In Beirut, protesters on Sunday called out the names of specific politicians from across the country’s sectarian system, with the crowd responding with swear words.
A protester who gave his name as Mustafa said he had been in the street for three days.
“I will continue to protest because I want a future in this country and I want to live in dignity,” he told AFP.
– Paddling pool, newly-weds –
The beleaguered premier has urged members of his coalition government to support him but four ministers from a Christian political party quit Saturday.
In Tripoli, Nazih Siraj, 50, said he lost his job after the government removed stalls and was demonstrating for the future of his four daughters.
“Its time for a change. There is no going back from the streets after today.”
Lebanon ranked 138 out of 180 in Transparency International’s 2018 corruption index, while citizens suffer chronic electricity and water shortages.
Lebanon’s political system was set up to balance power between the country’s religious sects, including Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims and Druze.
But critics say it entrenches political patronage and pits citizens against each other along sectarian lines.
What some have dubbed the “WhatsApp revolution” has support from wide swathes of Lebanese society.
The protests have been mostly good-natured, with people singing or launching into traditional dabke dances.
In Beirut, a group of young demonstrators camped out in a paddling pool, while a couple of newly-weds joined the crowd in the town of Jiyeh south of the capital.
But while the demonstrators are largely united on what they oppose — with many condemning the entire political class as thieves and criminals — they lack a clear set of demands.
On Sunday, Lebanese abroad also gathered to demonstrate in Paris, Los Angeles and Washington.
On Friday, Hariri did not say what would happen if the government did not back key reforms by Monday night, with the 72-hour deadline widely mocked among protestors and on social media.
– ‘Thieves’ –
Scuppering Hariri’s unity call, Samir Geagea, head of the Christian Lebanese Forces party announced late Saturday that his four ministers were quitting the government.
“We are now convinced that the government is unable to take the necessary steps to save the situation,” Geagea said.
Other members of the government, including Shiite movement Hezbollah and the Christian Free Patriotic Movement, oppose the government’s resignation.
Demonstrators hailed Geagea’s announcement but demanded more wholesale change.
Zalfa Aboukais, 27, was hanging signs bearing the names of lawmakers and ministers on barbed wire near parliament and the seat of government, saying they were all “thieves”.
She said she was protesting “against the hooligans who have been in power for 30 years”.
Lebanon is one of the world’s most indebted countries, with a deficit of around $86 billion — more than 150 percent of gross domestic product — according to the finance ministry.
Public anger surged after parliament passed an austerity budget in July as part of efforts to make reforms that are essential to unlock over $11 billion in economic assistance pledged by international donors last year.
Growth has plummeted in recent years, with political deadlock compounded by the impact of eight years of war in neighbouring Syria.
