With the decision not to extend the pact, the political and trade disputes between South Korea and Japan now extend into some of the most sensitive national security issues in the region.
The arrangement was designed to share sensitive information on the threat posed by North Korea’s missile and nuclear activities, and the decision to end it comes after North Korea launched a series of short-range ballistic missiles in protest against what it sees as military build-ups in South Korea and Japan.
The General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) was due to be automatically renewed on Saturday, unless either side decided to cancel it.
The decision was announced after an hour-long discussion within the presidential National Security Council (NSC). South Korean President Moon Jae-in approved it.
Japan created a “grave change” in the environment for bilateral security cooperation by removing South Korea’s fast-track export status, said Kim You-geun, a deputy director of the National Security Council.
Japan cited security concerns without providing specific evidence for its decision on South Korea’s trade status.
“Under this situation, we have determined that it would not serve our national interest to maintain an agreement we signed with the aim of exchanging military information which is sensitive to security,” Kim told a news conference.
South Korea would deliver a formal notice to Japan within the due date, Kim said.
There was no immediate response from Tokyo, but Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said before the announcement that the deal bolstered security cooperation between the two countries.
“Although ties between Japan and South Korea are in a very tough situation, we believe we should cooperate with South Korea where cooperation is necessary,” Suga told a regular news conference earlier on Thursday.
This week the foreign ministers of the two countries met outside Beijing and promised to keep talking, but failed to reach any substantive agreements.
REGIONAL REPERCUSSIONS
The South Korean decision is likely to be met with dismay in the United States, which fears weakened security cooperation.
South Korea’s won currency KRW= extended losses against the dollar in offshore non-deliverable forward trade, falling by some 0.4% against the dollar in just five minutes after the announcement, on concerns that trade disputes with Japan could prolong.
South Korea’s foreign minister, Kang Kyung-wha, emphasized that the decision to end the intelligence pact was a result of a lack of trust in Japan.
“We will continue to strengthen cooperation with the United States and develop the alliance,” she told reporters in Seoul.
South Korea informed the United States that it would not be extending the deal shortly before the announcement, one Blue House official said.
One Western military source said the intelligence-sharing was sometimes limited, but nevertheless an important area of cooperation in the face of threats from North Korea.
GSOMIA established a framework to facilitate the sharing of information on North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats, which remain despite a series of summits and negotiations with North Korea, said Cho Tae-yong, a former South Korean national security adviser who worked on the deal when it was first signed.
“Ending GSOMIA is not only the wrong card to play to press Japan, but it is just not helpful for our security,” he said.
Shin Beom-chul, a senior fellow at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies in Seoul, agreed.
“It is a decision from which there’s a lot more for us to lose than to gain,” he said. “It would increase our own security concerns and inflict diplomatic isolation upon ourselves by destroying the foundation of trilateral security cooperation with the United States.”
The U.S. envoy on North Korea, Stephen Biegun, raised the issue during a meeting with South Korea’s deputy national security adviser, Kim Hyun-chong, before the NSC gathering.
The decision also comes as China and Russia have been more assertive in the region, flying their first joint military air patrol together in July, which triggered an international incident with South Korea and Japan.
BITTER HISTORY
Prior to signing the agreement in 2016, under U.S. pressure, South Korea and Japan shared intelligence through the United States.
South Korea went ahead with the deal at the time despite opposition from some political parties and a large section of the public, who remain bitter over Japan’s actions during its colonial rule of Korea from 1910 until the end of World War Two.
A 2012 attempt to seal the deal fell apart in the face of domestic opposition in South Korea toward military cooperation with Japan.
Relations between the two U.S. allies are seen at their lowest since they normalized ties in 1965, plagued by bitterness over Japan’s occupation, which included the use of South Korean forced labor at some Japanese firms.
South Korea had warned it could reconsider the GSOMIA after Japan imposed export curbs on some materials vital to South Korean chipmakers and stripped South Korea of fast-track export status.
South Korea called the Japanese action retaliation for a South Korean Supreme Court order for Japanese companies to compensate some of their wartime forced laborers last October.
Japan condemned the ruling, saying the matter was resolved by a 1965 treaty normalizing ties. Japan cited unspecified security reasons for the export controls.
