New York becomes the first state to impose a data center moratorium

New York became the first U.S. state on Tuesday to halt construction ​of large new data centers, imposing a one-year moratorium as concerns grow that the facilities driving the artificial-intelligence boom are raising power costs, straining water ‌supplies and burdening local communities.

The moratorium positions New York at the forefront of a growing national debate over how to manage the infrastructure needed to support AI. While technology companies are racing to build new data centers, lawmakers and regulators in dozens of states are weighing measures to limit their effect on electricity grids, utility bills and local communities.

“As data center development threatens to hike up utility bills, deplete our natural ​resources, and create uncertainty for New Yorkers, it’s my responsibility to take action and lead,” said New York Governor Kathy Hochul. She added that she would ​also pursue legislation to repeal sales tax exemptions for large data centers.

The construction ban will apply to data centers that use 50 megawatts ⁠or more of power, officials in the governor’s office said.

During the moratorium, the state’s Department of Environmental Conservation will not issue any discretionary permits not already deemed complete, the ​governor’s office said.

Instead, Hochul directed state officials to develop a Generic Environmental Impact Statement to ensure that new data centers coming online are held to “consistent standards,” as well as examine the ​potential environmental impacts of the construction and operation of data centers in the state.

The ban will be lifted once the state finalizes those standards, according to Hochul’s office.

DATA CENTERS SPARK BACKLASH

New York’s legislature last month passed a bill meant to impose guardrails on data centers, but it has not yet been sent to Hochul’s desk for signing. The bill targets data centers that consume more than 20 megawatts ​of power, giving it a wider scope than Tuesday’s executive order.

Officials in Hochul’s office described the bill as complicated, adding that “it’s going to take some time to work through” with ​the state legislature.

Hyperscalers Alphabet and Microsoft declined to comment on New York’s move. Meta, Amazon, and Oracle did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Data center operator Digital Realty told Reuters that the move ‌will likely ⁠push investments outside of New York: “We’re committed to working with policymakers on solutions that support responsible growth, but a one-year pause isn’t the right approach.”

NTT Global Data Centers CEO Doug Adams said operators need to better explain the local impact of data centers, from jobs and economic investment to usage of environmental resources. “The heightened scrutiny reflects a desire for greater understanding of how data centers impact local communities. We welcome that conversation.”

Equinix, another data center operator, did not respond to requests for comment.

The expansion of data centers in the United States is ​driving up power demand — and electricity bills — ​in large swaths of the country, drawing ⁠local and political backlash.

Only one in three Americans approve of the fast pace of data-center construction and most would oppose building one in their own community, according to a recent Reuters/Ipsos poll.

Dozens of state legislatures have introduced bills to rein in the effects of data centers ​on power bills and the environment. New York is the first to enact a full moratorium.

In April, Maine Governor Janet Mills vetoed ​a bill that would ⁠have imposed a similar freeze on those facilities.

As of May, there were more than 12 gigawatts of very large energy-using loads, including data centers, in line to connect to the state’s grid, according to a recent report by the New York independent grid operator. One gigawatt of electricity can power about 750,000 homes.

New York has the eighth-highest retail price for residential electricity in ⁠the country, according ​to U.S. Energy Department data.

While the state’s expensive land and tight power supplies have largely limited data ​center interest compared to states like Texas and Ohio, New York has attracted some interest from the server warehouses.

The state currently has more than 130 data centers, according to Data Center Map, compared with more than 600 ​in Virginia and about 500 in Texas.