Critics contend that the law, which was passed in 1990, allows the wealthy and the powerful to walk scot-free from homicide convictions either by intimidating their victim’s loved ones, making them a financial offer that they cannot refuse, or both.
The Qisas (retribution) and Diyat (blood money) law was famously invoked in the case of Raymond Allen Davis, a CIA contractor who shot two men dead in the eastern city of Lahore in 2011.
The incident sparked a diplomatic furore which was only resolved when Davis was pardoned in return for a $2.4 million settlement with the men’s families.
The 2012 killing of 20-year-old Karachi student Shahzeb Khan by two young men who belonged to powerful political families also drew national outrage after Khan’s parents pardoned the killers, reportedly due to threats.
The laws have perhaps been most abused in the case of honour killings, where a male murders a female relative then is pardoned by family members.
The most high-profile case recently involved a woman who was bludgeoned to death in Lahore for marrying against her family’s wishes.
The woman’s husband admitted a few days after her death that he had strangled his first wife and was spared jail under the blood money laws.
Under the proposed reforms, a pardon can only be granted if a murderer has been convicted, according to Ashtar Ausaf Ali, the special assistant to the prime minister on legal affairs.
And a convicted murderer will have to face a minimum of seven years in prison, even if they are pardoned by their victim’s relatives and avoid the death penalty, Ali said.
“This law has been abused,” he told AFP. “This abuse was to the degree that influential and rich people would get away with murder, literally.”
‘Forgiveness is with God’
Furthermore, a murder convict must have confessed to his crime before a trial has taken place in order to be eligible to seek such a pardon; or have been convicted on the basis of the eye-witness testimony of two upstanding Muslim men — a condition that is unlikely to be fulfilled in reality.
According to Ali, a pardon would no longer be enough to avert a prison term. “Forgiveness is with God. To safeguard the rights of a person is the obligation of the state.”
The proposed changes are likely to be tabled in parliament next month and have also received the blessing of prominent Islamic scholars, Ali added.
According to “The application of Islamic criminal law in Pakistan” by scholar Tahir Wasti, Pakistan’s murder conviction rate dramatically declined from 29 percent in 1990 to just 12 percent in 2000 after the enactment of the Qisas and Diyat law.
The percentage of cases that were cancelled before they were brought to court meanwhile more than doubled in the same period as police “availed the loopholes in the new law”.
